Ранас Мукминов – Physical AI: От нейросетей к гуманоидным роботам (страница 7)

SOCKETS AND FIFOS /run/systemd/notify Daemon status notification socket. This is an AF_UNIX datagram socket and is used to implement the daemon notification logic as implemented by sd_notify(3).

/run/systemd/private Used internally as communication channel between systemctl(1) and the systemd process. This is an AF_UNIX stream socket. This interface is private to systemd and should not be used in external projects.

/dev/initctl Limited compatibility support for the SysV client interface, as implemented by the systemd-initctl.service unit. This is a named pipe in the file system. This interface is obsolete and should not be used in new applications.

HISTORY systemd 252 Kernel command-line arguments systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy and systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller were deprecated. Please switch to the unified cgroup hierarchy.

SEE ALSO The systemd Homepage[9], systemd-system.conf(5), locale.conf(5), systemctl(1), journalctl(1), systemd-notify(1), daemon(7), sd-daemon(3), org.freedesktop.systemd1(5), systemd.unit(5), systemd.special(7), pkg-config(1), kernel-command-line(7), bootup(7), systemd.directives(7)

NOTES 1. Control Groups v2 https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html

2. Original Design Document http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html

3. Interface Portability and Stability Promise https://systemd.io/PORTABILITY_AND_STABILITY/

4. Container Interface https://systemd.io/CONTAINER_INTERFACE

5. initrd Interface https://systemd.io/INITRD_INTERFACE/

6. XDG Base Directory specification https://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

7. Known Environment Variables https://systemd.io/ENVIRONMENT

8. System and Service Credentials https://systemd.io/CREDENTIALS

9. systemd Homepage https://systemd.io/

systemd 252 SYSTEMD(1)

Приложение: Справочная документация BASH

BASH(1) General Commands Manual BASH(1)

NAME bash – GNU Bourne-Again SHell

SYNOPSIS bash [options] [command_string | file]

COPYRIGHT Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2020 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.

DESCRIPTION Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).

Bash is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification (IEEE Standard 1003.1). Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.

OPTIONS All of the single-character shell options documented in the description of the set builtin command, including -o, can be used as options when the shell is invoked. In addition, bash interprets the following options when it is invoked:

–c If the -c option is present, then commands are read from the first non-option argument command_string. If there are arguments after the command_string, the first argument is assigned to $0 and any remaining arguments are assigned to the positional parameters. The assignment to $0 sets the name of the shell, which is used in warning and error messages. -i If the -i option is present, the shell is interactive. -l Make bash act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see INVOCATION below). -r If the -r option is present, the shell becomes restricted (see RESTRICTED SHELL below). -s If the -s option is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This op‐ tion allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell or when reading input through a pipe. -D A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $ is printed on the standard output. These are the strings that are subject to language translation when the current locale is not C or POSIX. This implies the -n option; no commands will be executed. [-+]O [shopt_option] shopt_option is one of the shell options accepted by the shopt builtin (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). If shopt_option is present, -O sets the value of that option; +O unsets it. If shopt_option is not supplied, the names and values of the shell options accepted by shopt are printed on the standard output. If the invocation option is +O, the output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input. – A – signals the end of options and disables further option processing. Any arguments after the – are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of – is equivalent to –.

Bash also interprets a number of multi-character options. These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.

–-debugger Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the extde‐ bug option to the shopt builtin below). –dump-po-strings Equivalent to -D, but the output is in the GNU gettext po (portable object) file format. –dump-strings Equivalent to -D. –help Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully. –init-file file –rcfile file Execute commands from file instead of the standard personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive (see INVOCATION below).

–-login Equivalent to -l.

–-noediting Do not use the GNU readline library to read command lines when the shell is interactive.

–-noprofile Do not read either the system-wide startup file /etc/profile or any of the personal initialization files ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile. By default, bash reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see INVOCATION below).

–-norc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive. This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as sh.

–-posix Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (posix mode). See SEE ALSO be‐ low for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.

–-restricted The shell becomes restricted (see RESTRICTED SHELL below).

–-rpm-requires Produce the list of files that are required for the shell script to run. This implies '-n' and is subject to the same limitations as compile time error checking checking; Command substitutions, Conditional expressions and eval builtin are not parsed so some dependencies may be missed.

–-verbose Equivalent to -v.

–-version Show version information for this instance of bash on the standard output and exit successfully.

ARGUMENTS If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the -c nor the -s option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the name of a file containing shell commands. If bash is invoked in this fashion, $0 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command ex‐ ecuted in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then the shell searches the directories in PATH for the script.

INVOCATION A login shell is one whose first character of argument zero is a -, or one started with the –login option.

An interactive shell is one started without non-option arguments (unless -s is specified) and without the -c option whose standard input and error are both connected to terminals (as determined by isatty(3)), or one started with the -i option. PS1 is set and $– includes i if bash is interac‐ tive, allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state.

The following paragraphs describe how bash executes its startup files. If any of the files exist but cannot be read, bash reports an error. Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under Tilde Expansion in the EXPANSION section.

When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the –login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The –noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.

When an interactive login shell exits, or a non-interactive login shell executes the exit builtin command, bash reads and executes commands from the files ~/.bash_logout and /etc/bash.bash_logout, if the files exists.

When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists. This may be inhibited by using the –norc option. The –rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.

When bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for example, it looks for the variable BASH_ENV in the environment, expands its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute. Bash behaves as if the following command were executed: if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi but the value of the PATH variable is not used to search for the filename.