Тайный адвокат – Иллюзия закона. Истории про то, как незнание своих прав делает нас уязвимыми (страница 84)

62. Council of Europe, European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice, ‘European judicial systems, Edition 2018 (data 2016)’, 2018.

63. Ministry of Justice, ‘Reform of Legal Aid in England and Wales: the Government Response’, CM8072, June 2011, https://assets.publishing. service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228890/8072.pdf

64. O. Bowcott, ‘Poorest priced out of justice by legal aid rules, says Law Society’, Guardian, 20 March 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/20/poorest-priced-out-of-justice-by-legal-aid-rules-says-law-society

65. P. Bredon, ‘PLP Research Briefing Paper: The Civil Legal Advice Telephone Gateway’, Public Law Project, May 2018, https://publiclawproject.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/The-CivilLegal-Advice-telephone-Gateway.pdf

66. ‘Enforcing Human Rights’, Joint Committee on Human Rights, 19 July 2018, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201719/jtselect/jtrights/669/66902.html

67. Там же, § 39–44.

68. Там же.

69. House of Commons Library, ‘The future of legal aid’, 31 October 2018, CDP-2018/0230, https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CDP-2018-0230; См. также: House of Commons Library, ‘The spending of the Ministry of Justice’, 1 October 2019, CDP-2019-0217, https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/ CDP2019-0217 – fullreport

70. Или «запреты на приставания», как они называются в судах по семейным делам.

71. R (Rights of Women) v. Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice [2016] EWCA Civ 91, at [45].

72. O. Bowcott, ‘MoJ scraps legal aid restrictions for victims of domestic violence’, Guardian, 4 December 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/dec/04/moj-scraps-legal-aid-restrictions-for-victims-of-domestic-violence

73. Re A (A minor) [2017] EWHC 1195 (Fam) at [62]; PS v. PB [2018] EWHC 1987.

74. Там же, [60].

75. ‘Justice for all? Inside the legal aid crisis’, Financial Times, 27 September 2018, https://www.ft.com/content/894b8174-c120-11e8-8d55-54197280d3f7

76. Dr J. Organ and Dr J. Sigafoos, ‘The impact of LASPO on routes to justice’, Equality and Human Rights Commission, September 2018, https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/the-impact-of-laspo-on-routes-to-justice-september-2018.pdf

77. ‘Justice for all? Inside the legal aid crisis’, Financial Times, 27 September 2018.

78. E. Dugan, ‘This Leaked Report Reveals The Stark Warnings From Judges About Defendants With No Lawyer’, BuzzFeed News, 8 May 2018, https://www.buzzfeed.com/emilydugan/the-government-tried-to-conceal-this-testimony-from-judges

79. Только случаи, связанные с отсутствием ПМЖ и непригодных условий для проживания, когда существует «серьезный риск причинения вреда здоровью и безопасности», остаются в сфере действия закона, при условии, конечно, выполнения строгих критериев нуждаемости, что означает, как мы видели ранее на примере Риты, что даже бездомные люди не обязательно получают помощь.

80. Housing and Legal Aid Debate Pack, House of Commons, CPD2018-0120, 15 May 2018.

81. Law Centres: Written question – 273435, https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/writtenquestions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2019-07-04/273435/

82. Dr J. Organ and Dr J. Sigafoos, ‘The impact of LASPO on routes to justice’, Equality and Human Rights Commission, September 2018.

83. ‘The Right to Justice: The final report of the Bach Commission’, September 2017, at Appendix 5, p. 36. http://www.fabians.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Bach-Commission_Right-toJustice-Report-WEB.pdf

84. A. Buncombe, ‘Trump administration admits migrant children as young as 3 appearing in court alone for their own deportation proceedings’, Independent, 28 June 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/child-immigrants-us-court-border-family-migrant-immigrationtrump-latest-melania-a8422101.html

85. Bach Commission Report, Appendix 11.

86. C. Franchi, ‘Windrush and Legal Aid: how free legal representation could have avoided a national scandal’, Open Democracy, 3 May 2018, https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/caterina-franchi/windrush-and-legal-aid-how-free-legalrepresentation-could-have-avoided-national

87. Ministry of Justice, ‘Legal aid for unaccompanied and separated children’, 1 August 2018, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ legal-aid-for-unaccompanied-and-separated-children

88. Coram Children’s Legal Centre estimated that there are several thousand children in local authority care likely to be affected. См.: ‘Legal aid restored for migrant children in care’, Family Law, 16 July 2018, https://www.familylaw.co.uk/news_and_comment/legal-aid-restored-for-migrant-children-in-care#.W2hoS4WcHcs

89. C. Grayling, ‘The Judicial review system is not a promotional tool for countless Left-wing campaigners’, Daily Mail, 6 September 2013, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2413135/CHRIS-GRAYLING– Judicial-reviewpromotional-tool-Left-wing-campaigners.html

90. ‘Enforcing Human Rights’, Joint Committee on Human Rights, 19 July 2018.

91. J. Hyde, ‘MoJ chief admits cuts rushed through without research’, Law Society Gazette, 4 December 2014, https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/moj-chief-admits-cuts-rushed-throughwithout-research/5045500.article

92. Интервью с членом парламента Кеном Кларком, Международная ассоциация юристов, ноябрь 2011 года.

93. J. Chapman, ‘£15m for just one firm on legal aid gravy train: Scale of taxpayers’ bill revealed as Coalition vows to save £200m’, Daily Mail, 5 June 2013.

94. L. McKinstry, ‘Legal aid is now a racket that only benefits lawyers’, Daily Express, 6 June 2013.

95. M. Fouzder, ‘Fury over MoJ “betrayal” on legal aid at inquests’, Law Society Gazette, 8 February 2019, https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/fury-over-moj-betrayal-on-legal-aid-atinquests/5069214.article

96. Ministry of Justice, ‘Post-Implementation Review of Part 1 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012’, February 2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/777038/post-implementation-review-of-part-1-of-laspo.pdf

97. Расходы на юридическую помощь снизились с £2,55 млрд в 2010-11 годах до £1,62 млрд в 2017-18 годах. House of Commons Library, ‘The future of legal aid’, 31 October 2018, CPD-2018/0230.

98. J. Hyde, ‘MoJ chief admits cuts were rushed through without research’, Law Society Gazette, 4 December 2014.

Глава седьмая. Наша свобода

1. Мнение заявителя обычно принимается во внимание, когда государство рассматривает вопрос о возбуждении уголовного дела, но не является определяющим.

2. R. Littlejohn, ‘One-legged Albanian KILLER on benefits (even I couldn’t make him up)’, Daily Mail, 24 May 2016, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-3605844/RICHARD-LITTLEJOHN-One-legged-Albanian-KILLERbenefits-couldn-t-make-up.html

3. По-прежнему возможно уголовное преследование в частном порядке, но это редкость, и Королевская прокурорская служба сохраняет за собой право принять дело и продолжить его или прекратить по своему усмотрению.

4. Ministry of Justice, ‘Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly, England and Wales, October 2017 to September 2018’, 21 February2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/780612/criminaljustice-statistics-quarterly-september-2018.pdf

5. Это довольно широкое упрощение. Для получения более подробной информации о работе мировых судов и о том, как и когда дела передаются в Суд Короны, см. вторую главу книги «Тайный адвокат. Ложные приговоры, неожиданные оправдания и другие игры в справедливость» (Picador, 2018)

6. Барристеры могут выступать в мировом суде, а солиситоры могут получить квалификацию (известную как «высшие права»), которая позволяет им выступать в Суде Короны в качестве «солиситоров-адвокатов».

7. В обстоятельствах, когда число присяжных сокращается с двенадцати до десяти – например, когда один из присяжных заболевает и выбывает, – вердикт большинства может быть согласован девятью из них.

8. «Тонкая голубая линия» (1995–6), Британская вещательная корпорация (BBC), производство TigerAspectProductions. Подробнее см.: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112194/companycredits?ref_=tt_dt_co

9. См.: ‘Ten questions posed by Vicky Pryce jury’, BBC News, 20 February 2013, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21521460

10. Там же.

11. J. Delingpole, ‘Are some people just too stupid to serve on a jury?’, Daily Express, 22 February 2013, https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/379367/Are-some-people-just-too-stupid-to-serve-on– a-jury

12. Woolmington v. DPP [1935] AC 462.

13. K. Rahman, ‘Viewers are left outraged as Sir Cliff Richard tells Loose Women he’d rather 10 guilty people go free than one innocent person suffer after he was wrongly accused of historical sexual offences’, Daily Mail, 28 November 2018, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article– 6436193/Viewers-outraged-Sir-CliffRichards-comments-Loose-Women.html

14. См.: the comments of the London Victims’ Commissioner to the Independent: L. Dearden, ‘Tens of thousands of rape cases dropped because “police traumatising victims”, report suggests’, Independent, 31 July 2019, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/rape-prosecutions-dropping-uk-police-phones-traumacps-a9028181.html