Клиффорд Бассетт – Скажи аллергии нет (страница 60)
Снижение уровня детских инфекционных заболеваний: H. Okada et al, “The ‘Hygiene Hypothesis’ for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases: An Update,” Clin Exp Immunol, April 2010, 160 (1): 1–9.
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Три из пяти: “Urban Population Growth,” World Health Organization, 2014. http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/
В отчете Американской ассоциации пульмонологов: Q. Zhang et al, “Link Between Environmental Air Pollution and Allergic Asthma: East Meets West,” J. Thorac Dis, January 2015, 7 (1): 14–22. http://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2016/04/20/calif-has-nation-s-most-polluted-air.html; http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/us/article/Clean-air-advocates-California-has-nation-s-7259028.php
Большинство деревьев и кустарников: Thomas Leo Ogren, “Allergy-Free New York,” The New York Times, April 5, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/06/opinion/06ogren.html
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В Соединенных Штатах аллергия находится на шестом месте: “Allergies. What’s the Problem?” Centers for Disease Control, February 2, 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/ToolsTemplates/EntertainmentEd/Tips/Allergies.html
Некоторые вещества или привычки: Astrid Versluis et al, “Cofactors in Allergic Reactions to Food: Physical Exercise and Alcohol Are the Most Important,” Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, September 15, 2016. http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iid3.120/fullreferences
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Атопический дерматит, или экзема: “Eczema in Children,” American College of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. http://www.acaai.org/allergies/who-has-allergies/children-allergies/eczema
Другое исследование: Kerry E. Drury et al, “Association Between Atopic Disease and Anemia in U.S. Children,” JAMA Pediatr, 2016, 170 (1): 29–34. http://www.jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2473738
Тяжелая аллергия: H. B. Kaiser et al, “Risk Factors in Allergy/Asthma,” Allergy Asthma Proc, January — February 2004, 25 (1): 7–10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15055554
Если у человека имеется один вид аллергии: “Do I Have Chronic Allergies?” WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/chronic-allergies-causes
Например, экземой болеют: T. E. Shaw et al, “Eczema Prevalence in the U.S.: Data from the 2013 National Survey of Children’s Health,” J Invest Dermatol, 2011, 131 (1): 67. C. Flohr and J. Mann, “New Insights into the Epidemiology of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis,” Allergy, January 2014, 69 (1): 3–16.
У 80 % из них разовьется астма: L. F. Eichenfield et al, “Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma: Parallels in the Evolution of Treatment,” Pediatrics, March 2003, 111 (3): 608–616. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12612244
Младенцы с пищевой аллергией: A. Schroeder et al, “Food Allergy is Associated with an Increased Risk of Asthma,” Clin Exp Allergy, February 2009, 39 (2): 261–270. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2922978/
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Что же спровоцировало такие изменения? Давайте сделаем еще один шаг в прошлое [весь абзац]: Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills and Scott P. Commins, “Increasing Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis”, uptodate.com, September 30, 2011.
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От сокращения среднего размера семьи: David P. Strachan, “Family Size, Infection and Atopy: The First Decade of the ‘Hygiene Hypothesis,’” Thorax, 2000, 55 (Suppl. 1): S2–S10.
Теперь настала очередь развивающегося мира: Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills and Scott P. Commins, “Increasing Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis,” uptodate.com, September 30, 2011.
Заболеваемость экземой среди детей: K. Thestrup-Pedersen, “Atopic Eczema. What Has Caused the Epidemic in Industrialised Countries and Can Early Intervention Modify the Natural History of Atopic Eczema?” J Cosmet Dermatol, July 2003, 2 (3–4): 202–210. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163931
Дети, проживающие на ферме: Moises Velazquez-Manoff, “A Cure for the Allergy Epidemic?” The New York Times, November 9, 2013.
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В исследовании, проведенном Джорджем Дю Туа: “Early Exposure to Peanuts May Prevent Allergy,” Reuters, November 7, 2008. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-prevent-allergy-idUSTRE4A66IB20081107 Viva Sarah Press, “Israel’s Top Snack Bamba Prevents Peanut Allergy,” Israel 21C, February 25, 2015. http://www.israel21c.org/israels-top-snack-bamba-prevents-allergy/
Один из соавторов исследования: George Du Toit et al, and Gideon Lack for the LEAP Study Team, “Randomized Trial of Peanut Consumption in Infants at Risk for Peanut Allergy: Leap Study Team,” N Engl J Med, 2015, 372: 803–813.
Преобладание аллергии на арахис: K. Beyer et al, “Effects of Cooking Methods on Peanut Allergencity,” J Allergy Clin Immunol, June 2001, 107 (6): 1077–1081. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11398088
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В 2008 году в докладе Американской академии педиатрии: J. A. Boyce et al, “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Report of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel,” J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2010, 126 (6): 1105–1118. http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/030413p14.shtml
Ряд педиатрических сообществ: Robert S. Zeiger, “Food Allergen Avoidance in the Prevention of Food Allergy in Infants and Children,” Pediatrics, 2003, 111: 1662–1671.
Такое пищевое избегание: “Eczema in Children,” American College of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. http://www.acaai.org/allergies/who-hasallergies/children-allergies/eczema
Риск развития аллергии у братьев и сестер: R. S. Gupta et al, “Food Allergy Sensitization and Presentation in Siblings of Food Allergic Children,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, September — October 2016, 4 (5): 956–962.
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Распространенность аллергии на арахис: A. L. Lee et al, “Food Allergy in Asia: How Does It Compare?” Asia Pac Allergy, January 2013, 3 (1): 3–14.
Глава 2. Определяем условия, диагностируем проблему
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По данным некоторых исследований: Philip L. Lieberman, “Biphasic and Protracted Anaphylaxis.” J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2011, 78.
Около 70 % аллергиков: R. J. Kurukulaaratchy et al, “The Influence of Gender and Atopy on the Natural History of Rhinitis in the First 18 Years of Life,” Clin Exp Allergy, June 2011, 41 (6): 851–859; as referenced in “The Allergy Report” (2000), American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &Immunology. http://www.aaaai.org
Аллергиков среди мальчиков было выявлено почти вдвое больше: Joseph Nordqvist, “Hay Fever: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments,” Medical News Today, June 19, 2015.
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У мальчиков с СДВГ чаще: Eelko Hak at al, “Association of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with Atopic Diseases and Skin Infections?” Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, August 2013.
Из множества детей и подростков, которых я встречал и у которых был диагностирован СДВГ: Richard deShazo and Stephen Kemp, “Allergic Rhinitis: Clinical Manifestations, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis,” uptodate.com, October 22, 2014. Michael I. Reiff, ed. ADHD: A Complete and Authoritative Guide. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2004. Thomas E. Brown, ed. ADHD Comorbidities: Handbook for ADHD Complications in Children and Adults. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc, 2009. Sandra F. Rief. How to Reach and Teach Children with ADD/ADHD: Practical Techniques, Strategies, and Interventions. Jossey-Bass Teacher, 2005.
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Белки потенциальных пищевых аллергенов могут проникать через кожу: M. Noti, et al, “Exposure to Food Allergens Through Inflamed Skin Promotes Intestinal Food Allergy Through the Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Basophil Axis,” J Allergy Clin Immunol, May 2014, 133 (5): 1390–1399, e1–6.
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Доктор Николас Фурнам: Nidhi Tyagi et al, “Comparisons of Allergenic and Metazoan Parasite Proteins: Allergy the Price of Immunity,” PLOS Computational Biology, 2015, 11 (10): e1004546. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151029150304.htm
Это даже не острица: Maria Yazdanbakhsh et al, “Allergy, Parasites, and the Hygiene Hypothesis,” Science, 2002, 296: 490–494. “Allergy and Ascariasis.” https://www.web.stanford.edu/class/humbio153/AllergyandAscariasis/Background.html
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Чем больше у вас детей: W. Karamaus and C. Botezan, “Does a Higher Number of Siblings Protect Against the Development of Allergy and Asthma? A Review,” J Epidemiol Community Health, 2002, 56 (3): 209–217.
Другие обращаются к тому факту, что уровень заболеваемости астмой вырос: Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills and Scott P. Commins, “Increasing Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis,”uptodate.com, September 30, 2011.
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Мытье посуды вручную: Alexandra Sifferling, “Why Washing Dishes by Hand May Lead to Fewer Allergies,” Time, February 23, 2015. http://www.time.com/3717020/dishwashing-allergies/
Пока не удалось выяснить, какие из животных — кошки или собаки — оказывают большее влияние: Timo T. Hugg et al, “Exposure to Animals and the Risk of Allergic Asthma: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Finnish and Russian Children,” Environ Health, 2008, 7: 28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2430194/
Использование большого количества антибиотиков: Bryan Love et al, “Antibiotic Prescription and Food Allergy in Young Children,” Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 2016, 12: 41. https://www.aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-016-0148-7, referencing M. S. Ong et al, “Consequences of Antibiotics and Infections in Infancy: Bugs, Drugs, and Wheezing,” Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 2014. http://www.medtoday.com/pediatrics/asthma/45759