Ирина Архипова – English for Psychotherapy and Counselling: Handbook. Английский для психотерапии и консультирования: практическое руководство (страница 4)
Use the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1. Clinical psychologists _______ (assess) mental health conditions using psychometric tests.
2. Psychotherapy _______ (involve) regular communication between therapist and client.
3. Clinical psychologists _______ (not prescribe) medication.
4. _______ (do) clinical psychologists conduct research? Yes, many of them _______ (do).
5. Humanistic therapy _______ (emphasize) personal growth and self-actualization.
6. A counselling psychologist _______ (focus) more on life transitions than severe pathology.
B. Comparative Structures
We use comparative structures to show differences and similarities between concepts:
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Structures:
• as + adjective + as (equally)
• more/less + adjective + than
• adjective + -er + than
Examples from Psychology:
• Psychotherapy is more intensive than counselling.
• Clinical psychology is as important as psychiatry in mental healthcare.
• Psychoanalysis is less directive than CBT.
• Clinical psychology training is longer than counselling psychology training.
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Exercise 2: Compare the professionals
Complete the sentences using comparative structures:
1. A psychiatrist’s training is _______ (long) than a clinical psychologist’s.
2. Clinical psychologists typically work with _______ (severe) mental health problems than counselling psychologists.
3. A clinical psychologist’s assessment is _______ (detailed) than a counsellor’s initial interview.
4. Counselling sessions are usually _______ (short) than psychotherapy sessions.
5. Clinical psychology is not _______ (medical) as psychiatry.
6. Psychotherapy can be _______ (effective) than medication for some conditions.
7. Clinical psychologists do _______ (much) research than general counsellors.
8. Assessment skills are _______ (important) in clinical psychology than in some other areas.
Exercise 3: Correct the mistakes
Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences:
1. A clinical psychologist are working with complex mental health conditions.
2. Psychiatrist training is more longer than counselling training.
3. Does psychiatrists prescribes medication?
4. A psychotherapist don’t just provide therapy; they also works with emotions.
5. Psychological assessment is as important than medication in clinical practice.
6. What a counselling psychologist do during a first session?
7. Clinical psychologists works in hospitals, clinics, and private practice.
8. Is clinical psychology more scientific than counselling psychology?
9. A counsellor are helping clients with mild to moderate difficulties.
10. Psychiatrists is medical doctors who can prescribe medications.
11. Does a psychotherapist needs a doctoral degree?
12. Counselling psychologists provides talk therapy and don’t diagnose conditions.
COMMUNICATION: Understanding Mental Health Professionals: An Interview with Dr. Sarah Mitchell
Participants: Rebecca Williams (Reporter, Mental Health Today Magazine) and Dr. Sarah Mitchell (Clinical Psychologist, Private Practice)
Reporter: Good morning, Dr. Mitchell. Thank you for agreeing to talk with us today. Our readers are often confused about the differences between mental health professionals. Can you help us understand who does what?
Dr. Mitchell: Of course! I’m happy to clarify. It’s a common confusion, and it’s actually quite important to understand the distinctions.
Reporter: Let’s start with psychiatrists. How are they different from psychologists?
Dr. Mitchell: Well, the main difference is their training and what they can do. Psychiatrists are medical doctors. They go to medical school and can prescribe medication. They focus mainly on the biological aspects of mental health – things like brain chemistry and medications that can help with conditions like depression or anxiety.
Reporter: I see. And what about clinical psychologists? That’s your specialty, right?
Dr. Mitchell: Yes, exactly. Clinical psychologists have a doctoral degree in psychology, not medicine. We can’t prescribe medication, but we’re trained to diagnose mental health conditions and provide therapy. We also do psychological assessments and testing to understand what’s going on with a person’s mental health.
Reporter: So, you both diagnose, but only psychiatrists prescribe?
Dr. Mitchell: Correct. And I should mention counselling psychologists too. They’re similar to clinical psychologists, but they typically work with less severe issues – like relationship problems, stress management, or life transitions. They focus more on helping people with everyday challenges rather than serious mental disorders.
Reporter: That’s helpful. What about psychotherapists? Where do they fit in?
Dr. Mitchell: Psychotherapist is actually a more general term. It can include clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists, and other professionals who provide talk therapy. The key is that psychotherapists use various therapeutic approaches to help people change their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.
Reporter: Speaking of approaches, can you briefly explain the main types of psychotherapy?
Dr. Mitchell: Sure! There are three major approaches we commonly use. The first is psychodynamic therapy, which comes from Freud’s work. It focuses on unconscious thoughts and how our past, especially childhood, experiences affect us today. It’s often long-term therapy.
Reporter: And the second approach?
Dr. Mitchell: That’s cognitive-behavioural therapy, or CBT. This is very popular today because it’s practical and usually shorter. CBT helps people identify negative thought patterns and change them. The idea is that if you change how you think, you’ll change how you feel and behave. It works really well for anxiety and depression.
Reporter: I’ve heard a lot about CBT, and what’s the third approach?
Dr. Mitchell: The third is humanistic therapy, which includes person-centered therapy. This approach believes that everyone has the potential to grow and solve their own problems. The therapist creates a supportive, non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their feelings and find their own solutions. Carl Rogers developed this approach.
Reporter: So different approaches for different people?
Dr. Mitchell: Exactly. Some people benefit more from exploring their past, others need practical strategies they can use right away, and some just need a safe space to figure things out themselves. Many therapists today actually combine approaches based on what each client needs.
Reporter: That makes sense. One last question – if someone is struggling with mental health issues, how do they know which professional to see?