Alexander Chesalov – The fourth industrial revolution glossarium: over 1500 of the hottest terms you will use to create the future. Textbook (страница 14)

Conformant digital certificate (for the My Health Record system) is an electronic credential used to secure access in the My Health Record system262.

Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) is a key EU funding instrument to promote growth, jobs and competitiveness through targeted infrastructure investment at European level. It supports the development of high performing, sustainable and efficiently interconnected trans-European networks in the fields of transport, energy and digital services263.

Connectivity Endpoint are interfaces that provide connectivity264.

Connectivity is the ability of a device or system to connect to other systems, applications, or programs via the internet. Connectivity is the backbone of all IoT solutions265.

Consent – any freely given specific and informed indication of his wishes by which the data subject signifies his agreement to personal data relating to him being processed266.

Consistency check is a process of data cleaning that eliminates inappropriate responses to branched questions. For instance, one question might ask if the respondent attended church last week; a response of «no» should indicate that questions about church attendance should be coded as «inapplicable.» If those questions were coded any other way than «inapplicable,» this would be inconsistent with the skip patterns of the survey instrument267.

Consolidated health informatics (CHI) initiative refers to a collaborative effort to create and adopt health informatics standards to be used by federal departments such as the department of health & human services and the department of veteran’s affairs268.

Consortium is an association of research and production and marketing organizations headed by a leader organization created to achieve strategic goals and implement research and production projects and enter the markets. The consortium may include: higher education institutions, scientific organizations, developers of the component base and software, product manufacturers, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, development institutions and banks, consumers and other interested organizations.

Consumer artificial intelligence is specialized artificial intelligence programs embedded in consumer devices and processes.

Consumer Portal – the portal that is used by an individual who has set up access to their My Health Record online269.

Consumer spending is the total money spent on final goods and services by individuals and households for personal use and enjoyment in an economy. Contemporary measures of consumer spending include all private purchases of durable goods, nondurable goods, and services. Consumer spending can be regarded as complementary to personal saving, investment spending, and production in an economy270.

Consumer-shared documents – documents that have been authored by an individual, authorized representative or full access nominated representative. These documents, such as personal health summary, are available to provider organizations and other representatives271.

Contact center is a central point from which organizations manage all customer interactions across various channels. Their primary purpose is to offer customers efficient and effective technical support, customer service and sales assistance272.

Content industry is an umbrella term that encompasses companies owning and providing mass media and media metadata. This can include music and movies, text publications of any kind, ownership of standards, geographic data, and metadata about all and any of the above273.

Context data includes manufacturing process information about quality, maintenance events, operational events, environmental conditions, and process performance. This information typically resides in external business applications274.

Continuity of care document (CCD) is an electronic document exchange standard for sharing patient summary information275.

Continuity of care record (CCR) is a standard for the creation of electronic summaries of patient health. Its aim is to improve the quality of health care and to reduce medical errors by making current information readily available to physicians276.

Contracted service provider (CSP) officer – the officer who acts as the liaison between a registered contracted service provider and the System Operator. There must be at least one CSP officer and there can be up to three at one time277.

Control Domain are functional domains for industrial control system implementations278.

Control is a means of managing a risk or ensuring that an objective is achieved. Controls can be preventative, detective, or corrective and can be fully automated, procedural, or technology-assisted human-initiated activites. They can include actions, devices, procedures, techniques, or other measures279.

Conversion means the completion of a measured action on a web page. A successful conversion can involve subscribing to a newsletter, filling out a contact form or buying a product from an online store. Conversion rate optimization is used to improve the conversion rate, given as a percentage280.

Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) refers to the editing of a web page with the aim of improving the conversion rate of the page. CRO is usually an inevitable form of business development for consumer online stores, since even the smallest enhancement in the conversion rate has a direct impact on sales281.

Convolution is the process of filtering. A filter (or equivalently: a kernel or a template) is shifted over an input image. The pixels of the output image are the summed product of the values in the filter pixels and the corresponding values in the underlying image282.

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of neural network that identifies and interprets images.

Cookie is a file or segment of data that identifies a unique user over time and across interactions with a website, sent by the web server through a browser, stored on a user’s hard drive, and sent back to the server each time the browser requests a web page283.

Corelet programming environment is a scalable environment that allows programmers to set the functional behavior of a neural network by adjusting its parameters and communication characteristics.

Correlation analysis is a statistical data processing method that measures the strength of the relationship between two or more variables. Thus, it determines whether there is a connection between the phenomena and how strong the connection between these phenomena is.

Correlation is a statistical relationship between two or more random variables.

Cost-benefit analysis is a way of assessing the impact of a program or a measure by weighing the advantages (benefits) against the disadvantages (costs)284.

Cost-effectiveness analysis – analysis that calculates and compares the costs and effects of two or more interventions, allowing to establish priorities among them285.

Costs of Distance Education are the main cost variables such as technological infrastructure and educational processes that influence the achievement of the goals set by educational institutions providing distance education services286.

Counterparty – a party to a civil law contract to which the owner of information constituting a trade secret has transferred this information.

Critical information infrastructure is objects of critical information infrastructure, as well as telecommunication networks used to organize the interaction of such objects.

Critical information infrastructure objects – information systems and information and telecommunication networks of state bodies, as well as information systems, information and telecommunication networks and automated process control systems operating in the defense industry, in the field of healthcare, transport, communications, in the credit and financial sector, energy, fuel, nuclear, rocket and space, mining, metallurgical and chemical industries.

Critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation is a set of critical information infrastructure objects, as well as telecommunication networks used to organize the interaction of critical information infrastructure objects with each other.

Cross-border health care means health care provided or prescribed in a Member State other than the Member State of affiliation (i.e. Member State competent to give authorization to receive treatment outside the Member State of residence)287.

Cross-border information exchange means the process of sending and receiving information across legislative boundaries using interoperable systems in order to read and further process this information in a meaningful way288.

Cross-border transfer of personal data – transfer of personal data to the territory of a foreign state to the authority of a foreign state, a foreign individual or a foreign legal entity.

Cross-Cutting Concern impacts an entire system and may also affect multiple architectural viewpoints289.

Cross-Cutting Function is one that can be applied across multiple functional architectural domains to address cross-cutting concerns290.