Vadim Shmal – Intelligent transport systems development (страница 2)

Investment activities related to improving the quality of transport services should be based on the following basic principles, focused on compliance with the requirements of a systematic approach, universal values and taking into account the conditions of market relations:

The principle of priority of social and environmental effects, which means that when evaluating the effectiveness of transport projects, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, social and environmental effects, while simultaneously checking them according to safety and environmental criteria.

The principle of an integrated approach, which determines the need to take into account when determining the effectiveness of all possible costs and resources in system quality management, as well as all the emerging results (consequences) of the creation and use of products and transport services provided (results of the organization’s activities) at all levels of management, both in transport and beyond.

The principle of ensuring the minimum impact of incompleteness and unreliability of available information, which means reducing its negative impact on quality management decisions and the results of the entire socio-economic system to the possible minimum.

The principle of comparability of results, which means the need to ensure comparability of the achieved social, environmental and economic effects due to the functioning of the quality management system according to the following criteria:

– social consequences;

– environmental consequences;

– the volume of meeting the needs of developers and transport companies;

– volumes and ranges (interchangeability) to meet the needs of cargo owners;

– a time factor, bringing the effects of different times to the conditions of their commensurability and value by a certain time;

– uncertainty of risks associated with the achievement of effects.

Assessment of the effectiveness of transport and logistics service management should be carried out by comparing data with and without measures taken and implemented.

The principle of mandatory accounting and analysis of costs for quality assurance and management. Without the implementation of this principle, it is almost impossible to determine the economic efficiency of a transport project.

In addition to these rules for determining effectiveness, a number of other principles should be taken into account:

– progressiveness and maximum effect, i.e. when justifying the effectiveness of an event, preference should be given to the one that allows you to get the greatest value of a positive effect;

– the time factor, which makes it mandatory to take into account changes in effects over time, the cost of multi-time results and costs with a preference for faster results and later costs;

– the effects obtained only from the measures under consideration, that is, past or present, but unrelated results and costs should not be taken into account;

– multi-stage determination of the effectiveness of quality management, which means the need to calculate (with different depths) at each stage of development, implementation and implementation of measures to improve the system of transport and logistics services;

– quantitative accounting of the impact of uncertainties and risks of the implementation of quality management measures.

2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF CREATING INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (ITS) IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT

2.1 The main development directions

The following priority directions for the development of intelligent railway transport are outlined in the ITS of JSC «Russian Railways»: the creation of an intelligent train, an intelligent locomotive, an intelligent freight station, an intelligent train dispatching control system. The agenda also includes the tasks of creating intelligent railway stations and situational centers of JSC «Russian Railways» as a system-organizing component of preparation and management decision-making. At the same time, the main attention is paid to improving the efficiency of solving the tasks of the production activities of JSC «Russian Railways» with strict compliance with safety requirements.

The implementation of these priority areas is carried out in the context of the creation of the most important infrastructure components of intelligent rail transport, which include:

■ unified information space of railway transport with the mandatory presence of a single high-precision coordinate system and digital geo-base, built using global satellite navigation systems GLONASS/GPS and providing information protection;

■ digital radio communication systems with all rolling stock and railway transport infrastructure facilities;

■ systems for monitoring the location of wagons, locomotives and operating personnel with their automatic identification, built on the principles of integrating RFID (Radio-frequency identification) ground systems and satellite positioning based on GLONASS/GPS;

■ diagnostic and predictive monitoring systems for the condition of wagons and locomotives on the train;

■ systems of situational control and forecasting of critical situations as part of the situation centers of JSC «Russian Railways»;

■ Intelligent operational management systems.

From the standpoint of conceptual technical solutions being developed at JSC «Russian Railways», an intelligent train is a train with an integrated system of auto guidance and self – diagnosis, the creation of which is inextricably linked: with the development of automated control centers and the expansion of the functions of dispatch centralization, especially for high-speed and high-speed traffic lines; the introduction of computer control systems at stations in conjunction with a digital radio channel; the introduction of interval train control systems using satellite navigation and digital radio channel; implementation of complex diagnostic devices at the borders of routes; ensuring compliance of control systems and security systems with international standards.

An intelligent locomotive is a locomotive whose hardware and software must ensure: interoperability due to the compatibility of commands transmitted from the control center, from another locomotive or control car via a radio communication system; obtaining information about the introduction or cancellation of speed limits, the correct position of switches along the route, the freedom of the way, the freedom of crossings; the possibility of transmitting to technical services in real time information about the actual condition of the locomotive equipment and train cars during its movement on the basis of data from remote monitoring and on-board diagnostics with the preservation of all parameters in standard memory blocks.

An intelligent station is a station whose control and safety systems meet the requirements of international standards. The hardware and software of the control systems of the intelligent station must ensure: traffic safety during shunting work at the station; labor safety of station employees; high-speed mode of shunting work; maneuvering movements.

An intelligent train station is a train station, the combination of hardware and software management tools of which allows maximizing the efficiency of the building and the adjacent infrastructure, while all technical, technological and organizational processes take place with minimal human participation. The creation of intelligent train stations is aimed at ensuring comprehensive security, achieving maximum resource-saving effect, improving the environmental situation on the territory of the building and around it, providing maximum comfort for passengers, including those with disabilities. The complex of automated intelligent station systems should include the following functional components:

■ automated life support process control systems (air conditioning, ventilation, heating, electricity, water supply and sewerage), combining management and dispatching of engineering equipment;

■ integrated security system that provides information collection and processing in the station situation center, video surveillance, engineering and technical protection of the station complex, fire extinguishing, environmental monitoring and solving a number of other tasks;

■ communication and telecommunications system, which includes all types of communication, including broadband access \Wi-Fi and \WiMAX, with the provision of information services for station staff and passengers;

■ a system for monitoring the condition of buildings and structures.

An important practical step towards the creation of ITS in JSC «Russian Railways» was the introduction of an intelligent train traffic control system on the high-speed route St. Petersburg – Moscow. In this system, for the first time in practice, such intelligent subsystems as «Auto Dispatcher» and «AutoDriver» were implemented, in which analytical information processing (situational and diagnostic) procedures are implemented, linked to modeling and forecasting the development of events.

A distinctive feature of this system is its structuring into the following systemically linked key blocks: