MARLBOROUGH
England’s Fragile Genius
RICHARD HOLMES
DEDICATION
I am so entirely yours, that if I might have all the world given me, I could not be happy but in your love.
The Hague, 20 April 1703/Ropley, 20 February 2008
EPIGRAPH
Our horsemen had now the better of the fight; but soon we beheld fresh bodies of horsemen, hastening to the relief of their half-defeated squadrons. Marlborough was at the head of this reserve of cavalry … I can still see him as, undaunted and serene, he rode forward amid the cheers of his troops, shouting ‘Corporal John’, the name they had given their hero; he was surrounded by his staff, evidently receiving his commands. I fell on his men with my whole regiment; he narrowly escaped being made prisoner – oh! That heaven was so unpropitious to France – but he was extricated, and my troopers were compelled to retreat.
COLONEL GERALD O’CONNOR, commanding anIrish regiment in French service, Ramillies, 1706
This is a world that is subject to frequent revolutions
SARAH DUCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH
CONTENTS
COVER
TITLE PAGE
DEDICATION
EPIGRAPH
THE CHURCHILLS
INTRODUCTION: Portrait of an Age
Marlborough and the Weight of History
Portraits in a Gallery
Century of Revolution
Influence and Interest
Whig and Tory
1. Young Cavalier
Faithful but Unfortunate
The King Comes Home in Peace Again
The Army of Charles II
Court and Garrison
To the Tuck of Drum
My Lady Castlemaine
The Dutch War
The Imminent Deadly Breach
The Handsome Englishman
2. From Court to Coup
Love and Colonel Churchill
Politics, Foreign and Domestic
Domestic Bliss, Public Prosperity
Monmouth’s Rebellion
Uneasy Lies the Head
3. The Protestant Wind
Settling the Crown
Little Victory
Court and Country
Irish Interlude
Fall and Rise
4. A Full Gale of Favour
Gentlemen of the Staff
First Campaign
Empty Elevation
The 1703 Campaign
5. High Germany
Forging a Strategy
The Scarlet Caterpillar
Being Strongly Entrenched: The Schellenberg
The Harrowing of Bavaria
A Glorious Victory: Blenheim
6. The Lines of Brabant
Ripples of Victory
Hark Now the Drums Beat up Again
Happy and Glorious: Ramillies
7. The Equipoise of Fortune
Favourites, Bishops and the Union
A Sterile Campaign
Politics and Plans
The Campaign of 1708