Ранас Мукминов – Physical AI: От нейросетей к гуманоидным роботам (страница 2)

–X pycache_prefix=PATH: enable writing .pyc files to a parallel tree rooted at the given directory instead of to the code tree.

–X int_max_str_digits=number: limit the size of int<->str conversions. This helps avoid denial of service attacks when parsing untrusted data. The default is sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits. 0 disables.

–x Skip the first line of the source. This is intended for a DOS specific hack only. Warning: the line numbers in error messages will be off by one!

INTERPRETER INTERFACE The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell: when called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for commands and executes them until an EOF is read; when called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and executes a script from that file; when called with -c command, it executes the Python statement(s) given as command. Here command may contain multiple statements separated by newlines. Leading whitespace is significant in Python statements! In non-interactive mode, the entire input is parsed before it is executed.

If available, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are passed to the script in the Python variable sys.argv, which is a list of strings (you must first import sys to be able to access it). If no script name is given, sys.argv[0] is an empty string; if -c is used, sys.argv[0] contains the string '-c'. Note that options interpreted by the Python interpreter itself are not placed in sys.argv.

In interactive mode, the primary prompt is `>>>'; the second prompt (which appears when a command is not complete) is `…'. The prompts can be changed by assignment to sys.ps1 or sys.ps2. The interpreter quits when it reads an EOF at a prompt. When an unhandled exception occurs, a stack trace is printed and control returns to the primary prompt; in non-interactive mode, the interpreter exits after printing the stack trace. The in‐ terrupt signal raises the KeyboardInterrupt exception; other UNIX signals are not caught (except that SIGPIPE is sometimes ignored, in favor of the IOError exception). Error messages are written to stderr.

FILES AND DIRECTORIES These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions; ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix} are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they may be the same. The default for both is /usr/local.

${exec_prefix}/bin/python Recommended location of the interpreter.

${prefix}/lib/python<version> ${exec_prefix}/lib/python<version> Recommended locations of the directories containing the standard modules.

${prefix}/include/python<version> ${exec_prefix}/include/python<version> Recommended locations of the directories containing the include files needed for developing Python extensions and embedding the interpreter.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES PYTHONHOME Change the location of the standard Python libraries. By default, the libraries are searched in ${prefix}/lib/python<version> and ${exec_pre‐ fix}/lib/python<version>, where ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix} are installation-dependent directories, both defaulting to /usr/local. When $PYTHONHOME is set to a single directory, its value replaces both ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix}. To specify different values for these, set $PYTHONHOME to ${prefix}:${exec_prefix}.

PYTHONPATH Augments the default search path for module files. The format is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more directory pathnames separated by colons. Non-existent directories are silently ignored. The default search path is installation dependent, but generally begins with ${pre‐ fix}/lib/python<version> (see PYTHONHOME above). The default search path is always appended to $PYTHONPATH. If a script argument is given, the directory containing the script is inserted in the path in front of $PYTHONPATH. The search path can be manipulated from within a Python program as the variable sys.path.

PYTHONPLATLIBDIR Override sys.platlibdir.

PYTHONSTARTUP If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that file are executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive mode. The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands are executed so that objects defined or imported in it can be used without qualification in the interactive session. You can also change the prompts sys.ps1 and sys.ps2 in this file.

PYTHONOPTIMIZE If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the -O option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying -O multiple times.

PYTHONDEBUG If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the -d option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying -d multiple times.

PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the -B option (don't try to write .pyc files).

PYTHONINSPECT If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the -i option.

PYTHONIOENCODING If this is set before running the interpreter, it overrides the encoding used for stdin/stdout/stderr, in the syntax encodingname:errorhandler The errorhandler part is optional and has the same meaning as in str.encode. For stderr, the errorhandler part is ignored; the handler will always be ´backslashreplace´.

PYTHONNOUSERSITE If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the -s option (Don't add the user site directory to sys.path).

PYTHONUNBUFFERED If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the -u option.

PYTHONVERBOSE If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the -v option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying -v multiple times.

PYTHONWARNINGS If this is set to a comma-separated string it is equivalent to specifying the -W option for each separate value.

PYTHONHASHSEED If this variable is set to "random", a random value is used to seed the hashes of str and bytes objects.

If PYTHONHASHSEED is set to an integer value, it is used as a fixed seed for generating the hash() of the types covered by the hash randomiza‐ tion. Its purpose is to allow repeatable hashing, such as for selftests for the interpreter itself, or to allow a cluster of python processes to share hash values.

The integer must be a decimal number in the range [0,4294967295]. Specifying the value 0 will disable hash randomization.

PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS Limit the maximum digit characters in an int value when converting from a string and when converting an int back to a str. A value of 0 dis‐ ables the limit. Conversions to or from bases 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 are never limited.

PYTHONMALLOC Set the Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks. The available memory allocators are malloc and pymalloc. The available debug hooks are debug, malloc_debug, and pymalloc_debug.

When Python is compiled in debug mode, the default is pymalloc_debug and the debug hooks are automatically used. Otherwise, the default is py‐ malloc.

PYTHONMALLOCSTATS If set to a non-empty string, Python will print statistics of the pymalloc memory allocator every time a new pymalloc object arena is created, and on shutdown.

This variable is ignored if the $PYTHONMALLOC environment variable is used to force the malloc(3) allocator of the C library, or if Python is configured without pymalloc support.

PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, enable the debug mode of the asyncio module.

PYTHONTRACEMALLOC If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, start tracing Python memory allocations using the tracemalloc module.

The value of the variable is the maximum number of frames stored in a traceback of a trace. For example, PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=1 stores only the most recent frame.

PYTHONFAULTHANDLER If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, faulthandler.enable() is called at startup: install a handler for SIGSEGV, SIGFPE, SIGABRT, SIGBUS and SIGILL signals to dump the Python traceback.

This is equivalent to the -X faulthandler option.

PYTHONEXECUTABLE If this environment variable is set, sys.argv[0] will be set to its value instead of the value got through the C runtime. Only works on Mac OS X.

PYTHONUSERBASE Defines the user base directory, which is used to compute the path of the user site-packages directory and Distutils installation paths for python setup.py install –user.

PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, Python will show how long each import takes. This is exactly equivalent to setting -X importtime on the command line.

PYTHONBREAKPOINT If this environment variable is set to 0, it disables the default debugger. It can be set to the callable of your debugger of choice.

Debug-mode variables Setting these variables only has an effect in a debug build of Python, that is, if Python was configured with the –with-pydebug build option.

PYTHONTHREADDEBUG If this environment variable is set, Python will print threading debug info.

PYTHONDUMPREFS If this environment variable is set, Python will dump objects and reference counts still alive after shutting down the interpreter.