Larisa Lubimova – ОГЭ-2026 по английскому. Лайфхаки, фейлы и 100% полезной инфы Секреты письменного ОГЭ: от ошибок к совершенству Практические советы по улучшению навыков письма и грамматики. (страница 11)
– Если застряли на одном вопросе больше 2 минут – пропустите. Вернетесь позже со свежей головой.
14. «Один вопрос – один текст»
– Ни один вопрос не требует совмещения информации из нескольких текстов. Если кажется, что нужно – вы ошиблись.
15. «Паника – главный враг»
– Даже если кажется, что вы ничего не поняли – дышите. Часто ответы проще, чем вы думаете. Вспомните: козы помогли открыть кофе, а вы справитесь с ОГЭ!
Пример решения задания с применением лайфхаков и учетом «красных флагов»:
Задание 1: History of Printing
Texts A-F:
A. The first printed books appeared in China in the 9th century, using woodblock printing. However, mass production became feasible only after Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press with movable metal type in 1440. This innovation revolutionized the spread of knowledge in Europe, making books accessible beyond the elite. The Gutenberg Bible, printed around 1455, demonstrated the press’s potential by producing 180 copies – a feat unimaginable with hand-copied manuscripts. By the 16th century, over 20 million books had been printed, transforming literacy rates and scholarly communication.
B. In the 16th century, the Church viewed printed books as a threat. Many texts, including Bible translations into vernacular languages, were banned. The Inquisition burned «heretical» publications, and authors/publishers risked execution. Despite bans, urban interest in reading surged. For example, Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (1517), printed in German, sparked the Protestant Reformation. Books became weapons in religious and political conflicts, with rulers like Henry VIII using them to legitimize power.
C. By the 18th century, books symbolized the Enlightenment. Philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau published tracts criticizing absolutism and religious dogma. Their ideas spread via underground presses, while Parisian salons became hubs for intellectual debates. The Encyclopédie (1751—1772), edited by Diderot, compiled scientific and philosophical knowledge, challenging traditional authority. This era saw the rise of public libraries and lending systems, democratizing access to ideas.
D. Modern e-books (e.g., Kindle) transformed reading. They store thousands of texts, allow font/brightness adjustments, and enable instant purchases. However, studies show screen reading reduces concentration and deep comprehension. A 2014 Stanford University study found students retained 23% less information from digital texts than print. Additionally, e-books contribute to «ephemeral reading,» where users skim rather than engage deeply.
E. Children’s literature emerged as a distinct genre in the 19th century. Writers like Lewis Carroll and Hans Christian Andersen created moral tales with whimsical illustrations. Schools began using picture books to teach literacy, with series like «Little Women» (1869) promoting empathy and resilience. The genre evolved from cautionary fables to imaginative worlds, shaping modern storytelling conventions.
F. Today, 3D printing technology enables printing physical objects layer-by-layer. While unrelated to traditional publishing, it reflects the broader evolution of «printing» as a concept. Innovations like 3D-printed prosthetics and edible food printers showcase its potential. This convergence highlights how «printing» now encompasses both text and tangible goods.
Questions 1—7:
1. How did the printing press change book accessibility?
2. Why were printed books banned in the 16th century?
3. What role did books play in the Enlightenment?
4. What are the drawbacks of e-books?
5. When did children’s literature become a separate genre?
6. How did 3D printing impact traditional publishing?
7. Who invented the first printing press?
Вопросы 1—7:
1. How did the printing press change book accessibility?
Ключевые слова:
Текст A: «…making books accessible beyond the elite».
Ответ: A
Лайфхак: Ищем прямое упоминание улучшения доступности.
Красный флаг: Не путать с текстом B (запреты книг).
2. Why were printed books banned in the 16th century?
Ключевые слова:
Текст B: «The Church viewed printed books as a threat… banned Bible translations».
Ответ: B
Лайфхак: Даты (XVI век) и причины запрета.
Красный флаг: Не путать с текстом C (Просвещение).
3. What role did books play in the Enlightenment?
Ключевые слова:
Текст C: «Books symbolized the Enlightenment… challenged traditional authority».
Ответ: C
Лайфхак: Упоминание философов (Вольтер, Руссо) и энциклопедии.
4. What are the drawbacks of e-books?
Ключевые слова:
Текст D: «Screen reading reduces concentration… 23% less information retained».
Ответ: D
Лайфхак: Ищем негативные аспекты (reduces, less).
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