Larisa Lubimova – English Grammar with Kudjo. Part 4 Понятная и забавная грамматика для детей и взрослых (страница 4)

3 Chilly’s plan was to pretend to get lost in the place where he had seen Kudjo the last time. He easily ***** the girls into doing it.

a managed to talk

b could talk

c managed talking

4 Luna objected to Kit going with them but he ***** persuade her to take him.

a was able to

b managed

c could to

5 His best argument is that he ***** attract the glowing ball better than the dogs.

a can to

b is able to

c manages

6 It was the argument nobody ***** resist.

a was able to

b couldn’t

c could to

EXERCISE 8

Translate the story:

Ночью никто не мог уснуть, думая о предстоящей авантюре. Поэтому утром все были невероятно сонными и едва смогли заставить себя позавтракать.

Хотя и завтраком это было назвать очень сложно – немного собачьих сухариков и много крепкого кофе. Да, да, собаки тоже иногда пьют кофе.

После кофе они смогли наконец-то полностью открыть глаза и обсудить окончательные детали операции.

Только сейчас собаки стали понимать как сильно им не хватает Куджо, его уверенности, решительности и сообразительности. Если бы только он сейчас был с ними!

Видя, что Луна и Куба вот-вот расплачутся, Чилли быстро скомандовал всем взять свои рюкзаки и отправляться в путь. Собаки решили добираться до места на электричке, а дальше идти пешком. Никто из них не мог и представить, что их ждало впереди.

Неприятности начались сразу же, как только они сошли с электрички. В то время, как они стояли на платформе, решая в какую сторону им лучше пойти, Луна открыла свой рюкзак, в котором всю дорогу спал Кит, и внезапно громко взвизгнула. Котенка в рюкзаке не было…

(продолжение следует)

Unit 3

Modal Verbs of Obligation

MUST

The modal verb must has only one form. We only use must to talk about the present and the future. For missing forms of the verb must we use its equivalent to have to.

Must expresses:

1 Strong obligation, necessity, duty to do something. We generally use must when the speaker has decided that something is necessary.

Must expresses an obligation from the speaker’s point of view, an obligation imposed by the speaker; it is used to give a strong personal opinion: The dogs believe they must keep it a secret.

As must expresses a strong obligation, we do not often use it in face-to-face conversation as it can sound impolite and often inappropriate. We often use should and ought to as an alternative to must as they express a subjective (often moral) obligation felt by the speaker, but the obligation is weaker than with must

You should treat your neighbours with more respect and never bark at their cats.

2. Prohibition; refusing permission

Must is used in negative sentences when it is forbidden/prohibited to do something; you are not allowed to do something; it is against the rules/laws:

The dogs were astonished when they saw: «You mustn’t go by train if you haven’t got a ticket (even if you are a dog).»

3. Command, urgent request, command in public notices or documents:

You must do as you are told.

In the present we can use both forms: must and have to.

Remember the difference in sentence formations: we use auxiliary do/does for to have to while making questions and negative sentences: Do the dogs have to buy train tickets? – No, they don’t have to do it.

Must is similar to have to but we use have to (not usually must) to say what someone is obliged to do: Luna has to let her parents know where she is. (She is obliged to do it, it’s not her intention)

Mustn’t and don’t have to are completely different:

You mustn’t do something = it is necessary that you do not do it (so don’t do it):

You don’t have to do something = you don’t need to do it (but you can if you want):

EXERCISE 1

Complete the sentences with must/mustn’t or have to/has to/don’t/doesn’t have to.

1 The dogs ***** get into the train again to find Kit.

2 They ***** worry. Kit is clever enough to find the way back home.

3 Anyway, the kitten ***** be left alone on the train.

4 Does everybody ***** return or does Luna alone ***** look for the pet?

5 The dogs have decided they ***** do everything together.

6 Whatever they do, they ***** separate.

7 They got into the train again and suddenly saw the poster: «If you have lost each other on the train, you ***** panic. Use our radio to make an announcement.»

TO HAVE TO

When we talk about past obligations or necessity, we use had to. The dogs had to come back.

Future obligation can be expressed by must or made more precise with will have to.

They will have to get back to the forest as soon as they find the kitten.

The form have to is also used for Perfect Tenses.

They have just had to get into the train again.

They had had to do it very quickly before the train left.

They will have had to return to the forest before dark.

Must has no infinitive, gerund or participle forms. So when necessary, we make this form with have to.

Chilly hates having to waste time.

He never used to have to take care of pets.

Having to look for Kit, the dogs might waste a lot of time.