Иван Жданов – Modern table tennis: strokes, trainings, strategies (страница 2)
In order to assess its role, we need to look into history and understand how the backhand top-spin developed, what has changed and how it came to today’s version. The backhand topspin (loop) began to develop later than the forehand loop.
If the Japanese athletes began to apply the forehand topspin at the very end of the 50’s, then the backhand topspin appeared in the European school in the second half of the 60’s.
The greatest wizards of the backhand topspin were Hungarian and Yugoslav athletes. Such masters as Gábor Gergely, Istvan Joner, Dragutin Shurbek and others.
In the 70—80’s, the backhand topspin was used on an equal ground with the forehand topspin and was executed from the same distance. At that time, players always had some dominant side: someone had a more powerful forehand topspin, and someone performed more powerful backhand topspin. A vivid example of an athlete with a dominant and more powerful left side is our great Soviet athlete Andrei Mazunov.
The paradigm of using the left stroke (not speaking about top-spin, but the game itself) gradually began to change in the second half of the 1980’s. The pioneers were leading Swedish athletes (Jan-Ove Waldner, Jörgen Persson, Mikael Appelgren).
In the late 70’s and early 80’s, as you remember from the first part of the story about the forehand loop (topspin), Chinese athletes performed a very active game near the table using attacking pimples.
European athletes who used top-spin from the middle and far zones began to lose to the Chinese, not having any chance against them in speed.
A new generation of Swedish tennis players used the following antidote: they approached the table and began to perform top-spin at the highest point of the ball rebound. It was difficult for the Chinese tennis players to cope with such an attack and gradually they also switched to another game model using a topspin with a smooth rubber.
The fact that Swedish athletes began to play closer to the table also influenced the tactics of the game on the left side. They began to play much closer to the table on the left side.
If the forehand topspin, having undergone a number of changes in technique, was used by tennis players constantly, at every opportunity, then the backhand loop developed less rapidly.
In the mid 80’s a new generation of European athletes led by Swedish masters played performed the backhand loop in only half of the opportunities. Very often, an active counter-play was performed on the left side of the table.
Backhand loop technique, due to which one could perform the backhand top-spin close to the table, was not yet determined by that time. Anyway, the full execution of the backhand topspin forced the athlete to move slightly to the middle zone. In such a situation, hand counterdrive near the table often was much more effective, supporting the attack speed and allowed to stay closer to the table when playing on the left side and not moving to the middle zone.
The vivid examples of such game model were Jan-Ove Waldner and Ma Wenge. Both these athletes were in the top five at that time, and most often in the top three of the world’s best athletes.
If we look at today’s table tennis, we can see the following picture: the leading athletes perform the backhand topspin near the table, with a rather short hand movement, without trying to win the point by this move.
If we look back once again, we will notice that players like Jan-Ove Waldner and Ma Wenge used the prototype of today’s game model. The idea was the same – they used the left-side game in order to keep the opponent on the tenterhooks at high speed and prepare a platform for a more powerful forehand loop. The only difference from the modern game model is that the hard left-side counter-play near the table was replaced by the backhand topspin, which is also performed near the table but is more variable and difficult for the opponent and more reliable for the one who performs it.
The first sportsman who suggested such game model: the backhand topspin in the near zone + the powerful forehand top-spin – was the Chinese athlete Kohn Linghu.
He is rightfully considered the “father” of today’s table tennis developing trend.
The way he came up with this idea remains a mystery. It is possible that it wasn’t his idea, but, for example, his coach, but that is just the point that Kohn Linghu was the first to perform the model of table tennis that we see now in the game of leading Asian and European masters.
By the way, Kohn Linghu became the world champion in 1995 and the 2000 Olympic champion. During these 5 years he took first place in the world ranking very often. As you can see, it was not that simple.
To date, the backhand topspin technique close to the table, performed by such masters as Ma Long, Czhan Chzhike, Fan Zhendong has reached great heights. They began to play even sharper, more diverse, but still the paradigm of the game offered by Kohn Linghu remains unchanged.
History of service changing in table tennis
With a good tradition, formed in the last chapters, let’s take a look at the history. At the dawn of the table tennis on international arena serving really was just putting the ball into the game. This was due to the general rudimentary level of table tennis development in that period, both in terms of the game, and in terms of the equipment used.
With the progress in the blade and rubber production for table tennis, all the elements became more complicated. Serves weren’t left behind. In the late 50’s and early 60’s, Japanese and Chinese tennis players began to make heavy services with a spin.
Further, the level of services grew, more and more tennis players began to use service with the spin. Serve was no longer just the introduction of the ball into the game, but a formidable weapon in the hands of good masters.
In the 70’s, the serving complexity began to increase due to the imperfection of table tennis rules. At that time, the height of the ball throwing was not indicated (now it is 16 cm) and many tennis players began to serve “from hand”.
If you play table tennis for at least a year or two, you perfectly understand how difficult the service can be if you do not throw the ball, but throw it right away on the racket. Hand service can be compared with a goal from offside, when the rules do not prohibit it the chaos begins in the game.
A number of top-level tennis players went even further. They did not just serve the ball from the hand, but they also added an extra spin due to the fingers of the hand that threw the ball. As a result, the atomic mixture was obtained, and it was very difficult to cope with the service.
The peak of such service development was reached by the end of the 70’s, after which the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) changed the rules, adjusting the service rules.
Now it was necessary to throw the ball no less than 16 cm high and perform at an angle of at least 45 degrees – it is compliance with this angle does not allow to throw the ball immediately on the racket, giving it an additional impulse in the form of acceleration or spin. Also, it was set up in the rules that since now athletes can throw the ball only with an open palm. If the ball is thrown by the fingers, then a point was taken from the player.
The introduction of these rules ended the era of services, the complexity of which was created due to the lack of clear rules. And although the transition was gradual, still many continued to serve, not strongly adhering to the rules, and a number of umpires weren’t too strict and closed their eyes to those moments: with the change of generations, these serves have gone down in history.
Since the mid 80’s, services began to develop in a different direction. They became more difficult, but now the athletes were looking for complexity in other aspects.
At present, the main three components of a service are: the ball processing technique, which has been constantly improved, the position in front of the table and the ability to cover the moment of touching the ball and racket with the left hand and core.
Now the athletes began to use the forehand service more often. At the same time, they approached the table with their left side to hide the moment of touching the ball and racket.
The peak of complexity development of services performed in this way was reached in the mid-90’s. Outstanding masters of that time were Jan-Ove Waldner and today’s coach of the China men’s national team Liu Guoliang.
Those who play table tennis for a long time, remember that at that time the set was played up to 21 points and with 5 services.
In those years service complexity reached such a level that a series of five services became an analogy to the home serve game in tennis. If one lost his series of serves
2:3, and then the opponent converted his series 4:1 then you already lose 7:3. Another unsuccessful series of home serves and chances to win the set are miserable.